Glossary – DiMaND

Languages
English Hungarian (Magyar) Slovak (Slovenčina) Serbian (Српски) Slovenian (Slovenščina) Czech (Čeština)
Ukrainian (Yкраїнський) Romanian (Română) Bulgarian (Български) Croatian (Hrvatski)
German (Deutsch) Bosnian (Bosanski)
Topic
Label

Term \| English	Acronym	Label(s)	Topic	Definition \| English
Concrete Experience		General Management	Training Methodology	A new experience or situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience.
Extrinsic motives		General Management	Training Methodology	is when we are motivated to perform a behaviour or engage in an activity because we want to earn a reward or avoid punishment. You will engage in behaviour not because you enjoy it or because you find it satisfying, but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant
self-esteem		General Management	Training Methodology	Describes a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, how much you appreciate and like yourself
converging learning style		General Management	Training Methodology	People with a converging learning style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects.
Pedagogy		General Management	Training Methodology	Most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, Pedagogy is an education method in which the learner is dependent on the teacher for guidance, evaluation, and acquisition of knowledge. “Pedagogy” literally means “leading children”.
Pragmatist		General Management	Training Methodology	These individuals have the capacity to perceive how to put the learning into practice in their present reality. Conceptual ideas and recreations are of constrained utility unless they can see an approach to put the concepts practically in their lives. Experimenting with new ideas, speculations and methods to check whether they work is their mode of action. They learn better through taking time to think about how to apply learning in reality, case studies, problem solving and discussion.
Reflector		General Management	Training Methodology	These individuals learn by watching and contemplating what happened. They may abstain from jumping in and prefer to watch from distance. They like paired discussions, self-analysis questionnaires, personality questionnaires, time out, observing activities, feedback from others. coaching, interviews etc.
SOFA model		General Management	Training Methodology	Situation - Outcomes - Feelings - Action
Learning style		General Management	Training Methodology	Learning styles refer to a range of competing and contested theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. A common concept is that individuals differ in how they learn.
Experiential learning theory		General Management	Training Methodology	Kolb's experiential learning theory is a learning theory developed by David A. Kolb, who published his model in 1984. He was inspired by the work of Kurt Lewin, who was a gestalt psychologist in Berlin. It is a method where a person's skills and job requirements can be assessed in the same language that its commensurability can be measured. Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four-stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles.Kolb's theory has a holistic perspective which includes experience, perception, cognition and behaviour.
Theorist		General Management	Training Methodology	Theorists seek the chance to comprehend the hypothesis behind the activities. They require models, ideas and truths with a specific end goal to participate in the learning procedure. Their choice of learning activities includes models, statistics, stories, quotes, background information, applying concepts theoretically etc.
Reflective Observation of the New Experience		General Management	Training Methodology	Reflective Observation of the New Experience of particular importance are any inconsistencies between experience and understanding.
Feedback		General Management	Training Methodology	Feedback is a response of the trainer/coach/mentor to a particular performance of the training audience.
Visual learning		General Management	Training Methodology	Visual learning: preference for pictures, movies, diagrams
Stroke		General Safety and Security	Medic	There are two forms, haemorrhagic and ischaemic. As a first aider on the scene, it is not possible to distinguish between the two. It is important to get the patient to hospital as soon as possible. Even with transient cerebral circulatory disturbance, a doctor should be consulted immediately, as this may be a precursor to a stroke.
OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway)		General Safety and Security	Medic	Throwaway Oropharyngeal Airway.
TQ (Tourniquet)		General Safety and Security	Medic	Small-size light vascular clip.
Bleeding		General Safety and Security	Medic	Loss of blood, blood exiting the circulatory system.
Vein bleeding		General Safety and Security	Medic	(Varicose, vein) bleeding has strong intensity with dark red blood, not pulsating but high quantity.
Bleeding shock		General Safety and Security	Medic	Resulting in centralisation in the course of which the human body aims to maintain blood supply required for the vital organs (brain, lungs, heart); directing blood from the periphery to the core of the human body through vascular contractions.
Active listening		General Management	Training Methodology	Active listening refers to a pattern of listening that keeps you engaged with your conversation partner in a positive way. It is the process of listening attentively while someone else speaks, paraphrasing and reflecting back what is said, and withholding judgment and advice.
Active Experimentation		General Management	Training Methodology	The learner applies their idea(s) to the world around them to see what happens.
Activist		General Management	Training Methodology	Activists are those individuals who learn by doing. The learning activities can be brainstorming, problem solving, group discussion, puzzles, competitions, role-play etc.
Andragogy		General Management	Training Methodology	Methods and principles used in adult education, including theoretical and practical approach. It is directed towards self-actualization, gaining experience, and problem-solving. The word comes from the Greek ἀνδρ-, meaning “man”, and ἀγωγός, meaning “leader of”. Therefore, andragogy literally means “leading man”. Andragogy, also known as adult learning theory, was proposed by Malcom Shepard Knowles in 1968.
Auditory learning		General Management	Training Methodology	Auditory learning: preference for music, discussion, lectures
accommodating learning style		General Management	Training Methodology	The accommodating learning style is 'hands-on,' and relies on intuition rather than logic. These people use other people's analysis, and prefer to take a practical, experiential approach. They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying out plans. They commonly act on 'gut' instinct rather than logical analysis.
Intrinsic motives		General Management	Training Methodology	Refers to behaviour that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behaviour arises from within the individual because it is naturally satisfying to you
diverging learning preference		General Management	Training Methodology	These people are able to look at things from different perspectives. They prefer to watch rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve problems.
Abstract Conceptualization reflection		General Management	Training Methodology	Abstract Conceptualization reflection gives rise to a new idea, or a modification of an existing abstract concept (the person has learned from their experience).
Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy)		General Management	Training Methodology	Details some of the ways in which adults learn differently than children. For example, adults tend to be more self-directed, internally motivated, and ready to learn. Teachers can draw on concepts of andragogy to increase the effectiveness of their adult education classes.
assimilating learning preference		General Management	Training Methodology	The assimilating learning preference involves a concise, logical approach. Ideas and concepts are more important than people, choosing good clear explanation over practical opportunity.
Reading and writing		General Management	Training Methodology	Reading and writing: preference for making lists, reading textbooks, taking notes
Two-way communication		General Management	Training Methodology	Interpersonal communication is a two-way process in which people send and receive messages to and from each other simultaneously. Communication is an interactive process.
Kinesthetic learning		General Management	Training Methodology	Kinesthetic learning: preference for movement, experiments, hands-on activities
1st degree burns		General Safety and Security	Medic	Affects the uppermost layer of the skin, typically sunburns. Skin is slightly red, swollen and hurts.
2nd degree burns		General Safety and Security	Medic	Rather painful blisters containing liquid appear on the surface of the skin.
3rd degree burns		General Safety and Security	Medic	Affects the entire dermis layer of the skin, including the nerves therein. The majority of the dermis comprises loose fibrillar connective tissue intertwined with vascular system, which takes part in thermal regulation as well. Yellowish, hard wound without pain.
4th degree burns		General Safety and Security	Medic	Affects the entire thickness of the skin and the tissue below the skin. Black, charcoal
Isolation foil		General Safety and Security	Medic	Isolation foil offering life-saving assistance to people in trouble against hypothermia or hyperthermia.
Israeli bandage		General Safety and Security	Medic	Israeli bandage comprises a large, sterile, non-adhesive pad surface to cover wounds. Flexible material is attached thereto for exerting pressure on bleeding wounds. A built-in applicator may be used to exert further pressure to stop bleeding.
Capillary bleeding		General Safety and Security	Medic	Low intensity, often appears on the skin surface in small drops. Key element of treating such bleeding is the use of cover bandage.
Circulation		General Safety and Security	Medic	Collective term for blood circulatory organs’ system or the cardio-vascular system and blood veins and artery.
Hypothermia		General Safety and Security	Medic	Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia, shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe hypothermia, there may be hallucinations and paradoxical undressing, in which a person removes their clothing, as well as an increased risk of the heart stopping.
Airway		General Safety and Security	Medic	Nasal chamber, oral chamber, gullet and air gauge ensuring free passage towards the lungs.
Airway burn		General Safety and Security	Medic	Burnt tissue becomes swollen in the airway; thus, render breathing more difficult or even block the airway in more severe cases.
Respiration		General Safety and Security	Medic	The entirety of respiration whereby the human organism takes up all the oxygen required for energy production, uses it for the metabolism of cells and releasing carbon-dioxide generated in the process.
Paramedic		General Safety and Security	Medic	When rescuing injured people, the paramedic's primary task is to take the patient's condition into account, treat and stabilise the patient's injuries and provide medical assistance during the rescue.
MILS (Manual In-line Stabilization)		General Safety and Security	Medic	Stabilisation of cervical spine injuries manually.
Modified stable side horizontal position		General Safety and Security	Medic	Unconscious facial bone injuries require laying the injured on the stomach, with support under the head, forehead.
NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway)		General Safety and Security	Medic	Throwaway sterile nasal air tube with atraumatic ends for intubation through one’s nose.
Patient Examination Protocol		General Safety and Security	Medic	Emergency Patient Examination to assess life-threatening injuries, to communicate with the patient and administer injuries ASAP until the arrival of higher qualified medical care on the scene
Rautek's maneuever		General Safety and Security	Medic	Rautek's maneuever can be used, when it is urgent to rescue a person (E.g.: can be used to rescue from a car or a burning building) It does not protect the spine! With modified Rautek, movement of the cervical spine can be prevented to some extent
Stiff-neck		General Safety and Security	Medic	Stabilises patient's head and cervical vertebra in transport.
Shock		General Safety and Security	Medic	Insufficient peripheral circulation, i.e. tissue circulation is unsatifactory.
water loss		General Operations	Tactics	(100-110 °C): First free, then bound water is lost. Barely recognisable chemical changes also take place.
Artery bleeding		General Safety and Security	Medic	(Pulse, artery) bleeding is typically characterised by bright red bleeding leaving the body in pulsating jets.
Internal bleeding		General Safety and Security	Medic	Internal bleeding refers to blood staying inside the body while leaves the vascular system. Blood stays inside the body while leaves the vascular system; thus, fails to fulfil its function. Enters the abdominal cavity, the lungs or large muscles, life-threatening injury.
CRT		General Safety and Security	Medic	Capillary re-saturation time, which is normally 2 seconds.
Diabetes		General Safety and Security	Medic	Abnormal blood glucose levels, in themselves, can produce neurological symptoms. Especially in insulin diabetics, blood glucose monitors are available in most cases. Let's help him measure his blood sugar. If the reading is low, give the patient sugary water to drink or feed him chocolate and then a slower-absorbing carbohydrate, such as a sandwich.
Diagnosis		General Safety and Security	Medic	Patient Examination, possible patient history and use of medication
Epilepsy		General Safety and Security	Medic	Typical grand mal seizures ( big seizures) are/may be accompanied by whole body "twitching", biting of the tongue, inability to hold urine and faeces.
Semi-automatic defibrillator		General Safety and Security	Medic	Device capable of delivering an electric current - Used to treat so-called ventricular fibrillation of the heart - It requires no training and is designed for the layperson.
Gasping		General Safety and Security	Medic	Superficial, insufficient intake of breath.
Head-block		General Safety and Security	Medic	Device with pads and harnesses on both sides to stabilise one’s head on the forehead and the chin to the stretcher.
Heimlich Manoeuvre		General Safety and Security	Medic	Stand behind the injured, intertwine our hands below the ribs and apply sudden pressure to the abdominal area by pulling our intertwined hands inwards and upwards. Thus, the rapidly outflowing air may bring out the object blocking the airway. Repeat this manouvre 4 or 5 times, then push decisively between the two shoulder blades with full palm again. If the manouvre succeeds, the foreign object leaves the airway while breathing and circulation return to normal. If not, the injured will loose consciousness and require rescuscitation.
Staff officer		General Operations Management	Tactics	Staff officer is a firefighter aiding the organising and managing activities of the incident commander as direct subordinate to the incident commander.
fire intensity		General Operations	Tactics	Fire intensity refers to heat energy released under unit time. Unit of measurement KW/m2*min. Calculated by various formulae in international technical literature. Such algorithms calculate with biomass quantity, propagationi speed and flame height. Awareness of fire intensity will help in choosing fire extinguishing equipment to be applied. Fire intensity determines convection conditions over the firefront and the movement of solid burning outputs.
Fire contextual triangle		General Operations	Tactics	Biomass - Oxygen - Heat
Firefighting organisation		General Operations Management	Tactics	The firefighting organisation consists of leaders and operatives set up from members of fire brigades to implement tasks related to fighting a fire. The firefighting organisation may engage other organisations and individuals as well – depending on the nature of tasks – instructed by the incident commander through their relevant leader(s) on site.
incident commander		General Operations Management	Tactics	The firefighting organisation is headed by the incident commander.
spotting potential		General Operations	Tactics	Quantity of fire brands flown further by turbulence and air currents. Spot fires may cause a drastic change in propagation speed.
post-burning		General Operations	Tactics	Temperature drops steeply and burning ceases after post-burning and afterglow.
Afterglow		General Operations	Tactics	Decomposition accelerates over 200 ºC and gases released from wooden materials ignite between 220 and 275 ºC, but the material does not burn persistently. This temperature is the flashpoint, which depends on the type and humidity content of wood. Burning is not continuous but may only be maintained by an external flame.
Fresh forest		General Operations	Tactics	They appear in higher mountain regions, on slopes facing the north and in deeper, damper valleys.
subsurface fire		General Operations	Tactics	Subsurface fire or peat fire. Organic material accumulated in the upper soil layer burns without flames mostly. Roots and main roots of trees burn.
surface fire		General Operations	Tactics	Leaf-litter or undergrowth fire. Flames spread on vegetation covering the soil directly (dry grass, fallen leaves, branchesy, etc.), scorching the lower parts of tree trunks and roots above the ground level.
rapid foliage fire		General Operations	Tactics	Mostly typical in case of strong wind or storm. Fire jumps from one foliage crown to the next, surpassing the front of undergrowth fire. The lower part of foliage crown is usually heated up by the undergrowth fire, which ignites the crown and spreads further as a result of wind gusts through the crown.
rapid fire		General Operations	Tactics	Affects plants in the uppermost layer of the soil. Does not spread to plants with high water contents and wetter layers under the uppermost surface. Rapid fire spreads at high speed, influenced significantly by then current winds.
ignition		General Operations	Tactics	(260-290 °C): Gaseous decomposition outputs are generated so intensely that burning is continuous and the process becomes self-sustaining.
burn out time		General Operations	Tactics	The time under which a fire passess through a given area and burns further.
conduction (heat transmission)		General Operations	Tactics	Heat conduction refers when material particles (atoms, molecules and electrons) transfer (motion) energy by colliding with adjacent particles only, i.e. they are not displaced farther than their own dimensions; so they do not transfer energy “by themselves” but always transfer it to their immediate neighbours.
convection (flowing heat)		General Operations	Tactics	Convection is essentially heat propagated by hot moving air.
crown fire		General Operations	Tactics	Undergrowth fires may easily extend to foliage fires during times of droughts, which is characterised by fire propagation on the crowns of trees and shrubs in addition to the soil cover. As a result of burning, leaves, thinner branches and even larger branches catch fire as well.
Cultivated forests		General Operations	Tactics	Due to the aim of human intervention, forests consisting of tree species significantly diverging from the natural forest combination corresponding to the bearing area, the mix of which is made up of extraneous or forestry alien tree species in over 70% or of intensely proliferating tree species in over 50%, or where the indigenous tree species making up the natural forest combination corresponding to the particular bearing area are present in less than 30% of the mix or not at all.
Marsh forest		General Operations	Tactics	Marsh forest refers to a combination of bearing areas of wet hollows, small basins, backwaters low on oxygen with peaty soil.
flash-point		General Operations	Tactics	(200-260 °C): Composition of gases released change, quantities thereof increase as well. Quantities of combustible decomposition outputs (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc.) increase rapidly. Burning outputs released ignite if exposed to igniting flame or spark.
self-ignition		General Operations	Tactics	(330-370 °C): If there is sufficient oxygen in the environment, wooden materials ignite without any external impact (igniting flame) and burn continuously.
raditation (radiating heat)		General Operations	Tactics	Raditation is the process whereby heat is transferred from a warmer solid in the form of waves or particles through air.
Dry forest		General Operations	Tactics	Dry forests appear on sunny southern or eastern slopes of hills and mountains receiving less precipitation, while areas more remote from rivers and with dry climates in the plains.
charring		General Operations	Tactics	(150 - 200 °C): Long cellulose molecules disassemble and as a result, the formation of combustible gases reaching the surface accelerate. Definite charcoal-formation is experienced.
persistent undergrowth fire		General Operations	Tactics	Persistent undergrowth fire occurs when not only surface burning but also propagates in the upper humus layer, entailing glowing and strong smoke formation. In case of such fires, the barks and roots of trees are damaged heavily as well, and smaller saplings and shrubs burn completely.
persistent burning		General Operations	Tactics	Persistent burning commences from the burning point. Burning point is the temperature at which burning propagates on its own, i.e. material is burning persistently. The burning point of wooden materials is between 260 and 290 ºC.
persistent crown fire		General Operations	Tactics	In case of a persistent crown fire, burning spreads on tree crowns, while the layer covering the soil also burns. Persistent crown fire, in general, takes place during small winds. Such fires cause severe burning, charring and even falling of trees
Propagation speed (rate of spread - ROS):		General Operations	Tactics	Area gained by fire under unit time, firefront speed. Unit of measurement m/s.
Air		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Air: a mixture of gases found in the atmosphere containing 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen. The theoretical diving depth range is 0-55 m, but for safety reasons it is used up to 40m.
Mediastinal emphysema		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Blocked airways can cause the expanding gas to seek a way out, resulting in a pneumothorax, or after damage to the lungs and pleura, follows the mediastinal emphysema or subcutaneous emphysema.
Nitrox		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Nitrox: a gas mixture in which the percentage of oxygen is higher than 21%. It is usually produced in a ratio of 40% oxygen to 60% nitrogen. 40/60 nitrox is used between 0-26 m depth.
Pressure		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Pressure is defined as the force exerted on a given surface. There are many ways to express pressure. In the SI system, the official unit is Pa (Pascal is N/m² - one Newton force per square metre), in the Anglo-Saxon system it is psi (lbf/in² - one pound per square inch). The most commonly used unit among divers is the metric bar (dyn/cm² - force per square centimetre). With negligible rounding, one bar at sea level corresponds to one atmospheric pressure per square centimetre. By atmospheric pressure we mean the weight of an imaginary column of air extended over the entire Earth's atmosphere (up to an altitude of about 400 Km), which exerts a given force on a square centimetre of surface area at sea level. It is also called an atmospheric pressure.
PH value		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the water. PH 7 is neutral, below it is acidic and above it is alkaline.
Trimix		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Trimix: a gas mixture in which both the oxygen and nitrogen content is reduced. These are mostly replaced by helium. The percentages depend on the depth of the planned dive. Trimix is usually used between 40-120 metres depth.
Boiling point of water		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	The boiling point of water is around 100 degrees Celsius. This boiling point may vary depending on the ambient pressure.
Water hardness		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	The "hardness" of water: mainly depends on the calcium and magnesium and all the other mineral salts that are soluble in water (chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, etc.)
Dissolving capacity of water		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Dissolving capacity of water: water has a good dissolving capacity. Cold water is better at dissolving gases and warm water is better at dissolving solids.
Water density		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	The density of fresh water at 4 degrees Celsius is 997 kg/m³. Water is incompressible, its volume is constant at any pressure.
Biomass		General	Tactics	Biomass is an ecological (environmental scientific) notion meaning organic material mass arising biologically.
Pluviometer		General	Tactics	Pluviometer is a device – generally of cylindrical shape – that is used to determine the quantity of precipitation fallen. Precipitation is measured in millimetres and tenth of millimetres. 1 mm precipitation over one square metre equals to 1 litre of water (e.g. 0.1 mm precipitation = 1 dl, 10 mm precipitation = 10 l and so on.) A pluviometer’s receiving surface must be placed at a height of 1 metre. Precipitation quantity is construed at a daily level, or on an hourly basis in case of larger quantities.
Burning		General Operations Safety and Security	Tactics	Chemical process, whereby combustible material combines with oxygen while releasing energy in the forms of heat and most often light. Temperature rise increases more and more, gas formation reaches its maximum. Charcoal layer starts to crack in squares cross-wise.
Burning heat		General Operations	Tactics	Burning heat (formerly known as burning warmth) is the specific heat quantity released in total from one kilogram of fuel, if the burning product is cooled back to the initial temperature.
burning temperature		General Operations	Tactics	Burning temperature (burning point) is the temperature at which burning propagates on its own, i.e. the material burns persistently. 260-290 ºC.
discolouring		General Operations	Tactics	(110-150°C) Chemical changes accelerate, first brownish, and then increasingly dark discolouring is epxerienced. Volatile oils are released.
Forest		General Operations	Tactics	Forest refers to an official registered area of at least 0.5 hectare covered with specific species of trees and shrubs.
Forest fire		General Operations	Tactics	Forest fire refers to a non-controlled open-air fire incident not necessarily starting from a forest and affecting a forest or wooden areas in whole or in part, but not limited thereto.
charcoal burning		General Operations	Tactics	(over 500 °C): Gas formation decreases while previously formed carbons ignite and burn. Temperatures may even reach 1000-1200 °C.
Forest plantation		General Operations	Tactics	Intensively treated forest planted in a regular network consisting of typically extraneous tree species or artificial hybrids thereof.
OBLIGATIONS OF THOSE PERFORMING WORK		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Those performing work are obliged to appear at their place of service in a condition suitable for service and implementation, and to perform work.
Occupational safety and health		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Occupational safety and health is divided into two major areas of equal importance with respect to its technical scope: occupational or work safety and occupational or work health.
Mental factors excluding working		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Drunk or hungover condition Under influence of narcotics or alcohol Emotional trauma (e.g. death, illness, divorce) Extreme stress and/or fatigue
Mental changes in the course of working		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Accident, injury Seeing or causing an accident or injury to someone Going through a risky situation Conflict situation among co-workers Verbal/physical aggression Harassment Criminal offence
Enabling signs		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	A blue painted circle with a pictorial symbol inside which defines the behaviour that workers must follow. These signs most often give instructions on the use of various personal protective equipment.
Extraordinary working conditions		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Extraordinary working conditions include, among others, life-saving, firefighting, technical rescue, rescue, hazardous material response, disaster and damage response, countering immediate threat of an accident, intervention in the presence of unknown hazard.
Prohibition signs		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	A circular sign with a red border drawn across the edges and a pictogram in the centre of the sign specifying what the prohibition applies to. This means that the activity indicated by the pictogram on the sign is prohibited in the area covered by the sign.
Fire safety information signs		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	A rectangular sign with a red background and a white pictogram. Fire safety information signs provide information on the location of the nearest fire protection equipment, appliances or fire extinguishers to be used for extinguishing or indicating a fire.
Protective equipment is grouped according to the direction of protection:		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	1. Head protection devices 2. Facial protection 3. Eye protection 4. Respiratory protective devices 5. Hearing protection devices 6. Protective clothing 7. Protective devices for the whole body 8. Hand protection 9. Foot protection 10. Other safety equipment
Chemical hazards		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	explosive oxidizing flammable radiating toxic acrid irritating sensitising infectious carcinogenic degenerative
Law of Archimedes		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Each submerged object is subjected to a buoyancy force equal to the weight of water displaced by its submerged volume.
Arterial gas embolism		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Minor physical damage to the lungs can lead to arterial gas embolism.
Barochamber		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	In the barochamber, the body is repressurised where the air bubbles causing the blockages are released back into the bloodstream and then slowly reduced in a controlled way so that they can be expelled from the body by exhalation.
Barotrauma		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Severe, even fatal, emphysema.
Boyle-Mariotte Law		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	The pressure and volume of a given volume of gas can only vary at a constant temperature if the product of the pressure and volume remain constant: p*V = constant
Subcutaneous emphysema		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Blocked airways can cause the expanding gas to seek a way out, resulting in a pneumothorax, or after damage to the lungs and pleura, follows the mediastinal emphysema or subcutaneous emphysema.
Eustachian tube		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	An opening that connects the inner ear to the throat. The Eustachian tube is normally closed and only opens to let air through when swallowing or blowing the nose.
Treatment of caeson sicknesses		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	The treatment of air embolism or decompression sickness (also known as caeson) described above (even if only suspected) is recompression (medical barochamber) and administration of pure oxygen as soon as possible.
Pneumothorax		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Blocked airways can cause the expanding gas to seek a way out, resulting in a pneumothorax, or after damage to the lungs and pleura, follows the mediastinal emphysema or subcutaneous emphysema.
Breathing gas		General Safety and Security	Rescue Diver	Breathing gas is the mixture of gases inhaled by a diver during a dive.
Escape from rear head choke hold		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	In this escape, the rescuer catches one of the victim’s arms at the back of the hand and elbow, then suddenly pulls the victim’s arm forward while applying an arm lock. Lifting the victim’s elbow, moving the wrist down, the rescuer submerges under and slips out underneath the raised arm. Get behind the back of the victim and hold him down.
Rear head hold escape		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The neck wrap, as mentioned earlier, is very dangerous due to the choke, so at the moment of the hold, (don't wait until the hold tightens) try to slide downwards out of it. Suddenly pull the shoulders up, then grab the victim’s arm or elbow from underneath, and while pushing his hand upwards, we escape downwards.
Pencil dive		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	This jump is mainly used for underwater searches. We jump into the water with your feet stretched (pointed toes), arms pressed against your body, perpendicular to the surface of the water, helping you to reach the greatest possible depth as quickly as possible. If the desired depth is not reached with this momentum, we increase the depth of the dive by upward breaststroke.
Vortex		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The most dangerous of all whirlpools is the so-called "vortex". Its mechanism is similar to that of a washing machine. It can occur mainly in dams. A distinction is made between inward and outward rotating vortex. The former is almost impossible to rescue from, while the latter is very likely to kick out a swimmer in distress.
Biological hazards		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Harmful micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) Dangerous and harmful plants Dangerous animals
Category 1 PPE		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Category 1 PPE protects against hazards that cause relatively little harm to health.
Category 2 PPE		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Category 2 PPE is protective equipment which cannot be classified as Category 1 or Category 3
Category 3 PPE		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Category 3 PPE protects against fatal accidents and serious risks of irreversible damage to health
Safety signals		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	1. prohibition signs, 2. warning signs, 3. enabling signs, 4. first aid or escape signs, 5. fire safety information signs.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)		General Safety and Security Logistics	Work Safety	Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to any device or appliance which can be worn or carried by a person and which protects that person against one or more hazards which endanger the health or safety of that person.
First aid or escape signs		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	A rectangular sign with a green background and a white pictogram. First aid or escape signs provide information on the shortest route to the first aid location, the location of the rescue equipment, the emergency exit and the location and direction of the escape routes.
Warning signs		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	A triangle with a black border, standing on its base, yellow on the surface, and a pictogram in the middle containing information to warn of the existence of a hazard or danger. The area covered by the sign must be expected to be affected at any moment by the hazard indicated.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	1. Rotating, moving machinery, machine parts, tools 2. Moving vehicles and materials handling machinery 3. Collapse of buildings, structures and structural elements thereof 4. Falling objects, other materials 5. Slippery surfaces (spilled extinguishing water, frozen water, etc.) 6. Sharp, uneven surfaces, corners 7. High-temperature objects 8. Materials heated by chemical processes, their containers 9. Tripping or falling while moving 10. Working at height 11. Risk of collapse or burial when working at depth 12. Inhalation of high-temperature air during backdrafts or explosions 13. Burns caused by hot water (water vapour) 14. Burns caused by high-temperature air 15. Loss of balance due to wind blast 16. Noise damage (explosion, gas explosion, noisy machinery) 17. Harm caused by vibrations 18. Lack of adequate lighting 19. Glare to the eyes from different lights 20. Harmful effects on the eyes of radiation emitted by arc welding 21. Infrared radiation from fire (reddening of the skin, "sunburn") 22. Exposure to sunlight during outdoor activities (redness, "sunburn") 23. Harmful ionising radiation 24. Risk of electric shock during work near electric equipment 25. Risk of electric shock at the place of intervention (third-party territory) 26. Risk of electric shock due to defects in electrical hand tools and equipment 27. Risk of electric shock due to personal fault 28. Sparks caused by discharge of static electricity 29. Dust in the air
Physiological, neurological and mental hazards		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Physical overexertion during material handling - due to the large mass Sustained periods of intensive work (exhaustion) High sensation of heat due to climatic conditions High sensation of cold due to climatic conditions Fatigue of certain sensory organs during long periods of work requiring a high level of attention Mental (emotional) strain from the sight of an intervention site
Risks arising from the conditions on site		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Roughness of access roads, forest roads, wild, uncultivated agricultural areas, a significant difference in level on the crushed stone base of a railway embankment, or even a very busy roadway, the traffic side of a motorway, or even a busy road junction, battery acid, fuel, brake coolant spillage at the scene of an accident.
DANGERS IN DAMAGE ZONES		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	danger of tripping, slipping, falling (especially in winter), danger of falling into invisible shafts, depressions, falling, collapsing objects, environmental hazards: heat, smoke, soot, poor visibility, noise, presence of hazardous substances, frost, high winds, carelessness or negligence of another person, breakdown of machinery, technical failure (e.g. wrecker blast, chain breakage of chainsaw), limitations in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Occupational (work) safety		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Occupational or work safety refers to technical safety and prevention requirements (technical and personal, behavioural conditions) aimed at preventing work accidents and focusing on hazards and hazard/risk management.
Mental preconditions of safety at work		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Mental condition suitable for working Mental factors excluding working Mental changes in the course of working Requesting and providing assistance
Occupational or work health		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Work health area covers risk identification, reduction or elimination, and aims to prevent occupational illnesses.
RIGHTS OF THOSE PERFORMING WORK		General Safety and Security	Work Safety	Workers are entitled to secure working not threatening one’s health.
Circulatory arrest		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Cardiac arrest is the highest time factor (most urgent) event. In the case of cardiac arrest, the cells of organs and tissues do not get the oxygen they need to function. Cells in the central nervous system are the least tolerant of oxygen deprivation. Brain cells can tolerate hypoxia without damage for about 3-5 minutes at normal body temperature.
Clinical death		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The first stage in the process of death is clinical death, when basic life functions (circulation and breathing) have suddenly ceased but there is biologically reasonable hope of restoration. This is the first period of about 3 to 5 minutes, and is dependent on many factors (e.g. temperature, age, fittness, medications).
Chest compression		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Chest compressions are performed as follows: Position yourself directly at the shoulders of the person lying on his/her back on your knees, knees slightly apart. This way you can reach both the chest and the head without having to change position. Place the palm of one hand in the middle of the injured person's chest (namely the lower half of the sternum, which I would not write here) with the fingers facing the patient's side. Place the palm of the other hand on the hand already on the chest, with the fingers away from the chest wall (in this position you can interlock your fingers). Make sure that you are instead of only the 'lower half of the sternum' you are pressing on the middle of the chest (not the ribs, not the very end of the sternum and not the abdomen), namely you are only transmitting the force to the chest with the palms of your hands on top of each other. The rate of chest compressions should be at least 100 per minute (but not more than 120).*
Head first		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	A very suitable method of diving in strong waves to avoid the difficulty caused by waves. Swimming can be started immediately while under water. If the desired depth is not reached with this momentum, the depth of submersion is increased by using a breaststroke armwork and freestyle kicks. The technique is used for bottom searching.
Rescue by chin grip		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Position yourself behind the unconscious victim and hold his head, with the palm of the hand on the victim’s chin and the thumbs behind victim’s ears. With our hands we lift the victim's chin above the surface of the water, thus ensuring breathing. The fingers can be positioned in other ways, for example by forming a small basket in front of the mouth to protect it from the splashing water.
Rescue by wrist grab		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	A simple rescue method, as there is little surface contact with the victim, which makes the job easier. The disadvantage is that this technique can only be used on a victim who is on his back and unconscious. The rescuer takes hold of the wrist of the victim and, reaching above the head, pulls him or her to the shore.
Rescue with locking grip traction		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	This rescue method is required when the victim is resisting and so making rescue difficult. The rescuer right arm grabs the victim's left hand and keeps it behind his back, in case of the victim is resisting, the rescuer may even apply a wrist lock or raise the arm higher towards the shoulder blade. With the other hand, rescuer looks for a grip on the chin. In the same supine position only, the victim is transported to shore at breaststroke kicks.
Lifeline		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	A pear-shaped object with a higher density, but not heavy, may be attached to the end of the lifeline. The length of the rope should be at least 15 metres, but up to 20 metres is fine. If a sling is formed, it can be used to secure the rescuer. In this case, it should be held tight (it is less likely to tangle) so that it can be easily pulled by the rescuer. The lifeguard providing the restraint should also be in a stable position. Always have a knife with the rescuer to cut the rope in an emergency.
Lifebelt/life ring		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The lifebelt/life ring is a plastic material coated with some type of impermeable material to which a rope of at least 15 m is attached. The device should be thrown into the flowing water in such a way that it can be caught by drowning person by drifting to them. The injured person is then pulled to the boat or shore/beach by the end of the rope.
Horseshoe buoy		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The horseshoe buoy differs from the lifebelt in that its shape is not a whole ring, but resembles a horseshoe with a safety buckle in addition to the 15-metre rope. This allows the open part to be locked in order to pull any unconscious victim safely to shore. It is mainly found in newer swimming pools. Its use is similar to that of a lifebelt and a throwbag.
Rescue (stride) jump		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Rescue (stride) jump is used when continuous visual contact with the victim is to be maintained. The dive is performed by kicking off the shore (this can be done by running into the water), reaching the water with our legs spread, and then with strong scissors like motion we close the legs and lock the arms to the body and leaning the upper body forward.
Open fracture		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	If the continuity of the skin over the fracture is intact, the fracture is closed; if the broken bone tears the skin, it is an open fracture.
Melting (thawing) ice		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Ice in the process of melting (thawing) breaks in slabs/sheets. This can be a serious source of danger, as falling under the tilting slabs of ice, they will close back immediately over the head of the victim. The weight of the ice makes it almost impossible to get out without help.
Sprain		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	If the end of the bone leaves the joint but returns to it, it is called a sprain.
Rautek grip		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	An optimal way of transporting a fish on a flat shore is to catch it in a Rautek grip. When the assisting person reaches the shore, when his/her feet have reached the bottom, he/she changes grip on the victim. With both hands, he reaches under the arms of the victim and places one forearm of the unconscious person crossed in front of his body. With one hand he grabs the victim's wrist, while with the other he grabs the end of the forearm near the elbow. The forearm provides a firm support to drag the victim to the shore. Once on dry land, we place the victim in a sitting position and then carefully lay him down.
Victim resuscitation		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Spontaneous circulation and breathing
Block start		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The flattest of the overhead jumps, allowing rapid surfacing and immediate initiation of swimming. It may be used in waters where the environment does not pose a threat to the rescuer's physical integrity. It can be used when a rapid rescue is required in familiar waters.
Escape from embrace		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	The basic principle of escape from an embrace is that if the victim is holding you down from the chest or waist and your arms are free, you should usually escape upwards; if he is holding you higher and your arms are free, you should escape downwards by slipping.
Release from a hair grip		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	A victim may grab the rescuer's hair while struggling, in which case most literature advises the rescuer to hold the victim's wrist with one hand and punch the centre of the victim's wrist with the other hand’s fist.
Response readiness		General Operations	Flood response	Institutional framework for takin measures required with a view to safety and determined in line with the extent of hazard.
Protection section		General Operations	Flood response	Specific part of flood defence lines and inland systems as regards response coordination and implementation.
Response structure		General Operations	Flood response	Water structure required for responding to damages caused by waters.
Protective profile		General Operations	Flood response	Space below the surface surrounding operating or proposed water extraction structures requiring increased security with respect to their surroundings with a view to protecting water extraction.
Protective zone		General Operations	Flood response	Subunit of a protective area of water bases within which restrictions on area utilisation constitute a single system. types thereof starting from water extraction: internal, external, hydrological A, hydrological B, hydrological C.
Protective area (including protective zone)		General Operations	Flood response	Area surrounding operating or proposed water extraction structures requiring increased security with respect to their surroundings with a view to protecting water extraction quantitatively and qualitatively.
Catchment area		General Operations	Flood response	Catchment area is an area delimited by watersheds where water from precipitation and melting snow flows down- and towards a local erosion base, most often into a creek, a river, a lake or into the sea, but seldom into a swallet. Catchment area includes streams flowing through its area and dry land from where water flows therein. Catchment areas are separated from one another by watersheds, i.e. mountain and hill ridges, but there are watersheds in valleys as well.
Water utility		General Operations	Flood response	Collective term for special facilities aimed at providing the population (the public) with water supplying and waste water collection. Water utilities include water plant wells or surface water extraction structures, water plant machine houses, water treatment plants, water reservoirs, water pipelines, waste water and rainwater channels, waste water elevation equipment, waste water treatment plants, etc.
Water facility		General Operations	Flood response	Facility (water utility), structure, equipment, accessory or device designed to influence the downstream and flow conditions, quantity and quality of waters, condition of watercourse or banks of waters with a view to eliminate water damages, utilise waters – including services provided by public utilities with water utilities – to monitor the quantity and quality of waters, and to pursue mineral and geological surveys or excavate minerals.
Water damage		General Operations	Flood response	Damage arising from water surplus or shortage.
Water damage elimination		General Operations	Flood response	Refers to organised operational preventive and actual response activities countering damages caused by adversely high or low water levels and aimed at mitigating damages.
Zone dam		General Operations	Flood response	The entire cross-section is built in several stages and/or with several construction methods, essentially from the same soil.
Anaphylactic shock		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	An anaphylactic shock is a serious, life-threatening condition that requires urgent specialial medical intervention. Speed is a lifesaver! Call an ambulance and a doctor immediately. If the victim is conscious, put him in a position where he can breathe more easily, try to calm him down and provide a free airway. Place the unconscious patient in a recovery position and monitor his breathing, prepare for resuscitation.
Slide-in		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	In places where the water level is lower than the shore, or where the water is completely unknown or contains floating driftwood and other hazardous materials, it is advisable for hte rescuer to slide-in into the water to avoid to be accidentally injured or hit. It is also advisable to enter water in this way where the temperature could cause stress to the rescuer in a jumping scenario.
Walking into		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	In shallow water, this can be one of the best options, as you can keep a constant eye on the victim, using your hands to help them go forward until they start swimming. The disadvantage is that uneven ground can make the process and us getting forward unsteady. We cannot ignore hidden obstacles in the water.
Biological death		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Second stage in the process of death, when the basic life functions are absent and there is no biologically plausible hope of restoration, the process being irreversible. Signs: rigor mortis, decay, Livores ex imbibitione/lividity, mummification, conditions incompatible with life (e.g. severed head).
Compact jump		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	After the jump, our legs are pulled tight to our body with bent knees, arms wrapped around us, we land in the water with a big splash. In this way, we can protect the parts of our bodies that provide our main vital functions. By extending our legs, we can continue the rescue manoeuvre by swimming. If the only way to get into unknown water is to jump, this is the way to go!
Freezing (thickening) ice		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	Ice in the process of freezing (thickening), which is characterised by localised cracking when stepped on it (it breaks uniformly everywhere). In the case of ice thickening, you should try to climb out so that you make contact with the ice on as wide surface as possible, or you can lean out and break the ice in front of you, still marching towards the shore.
Dislocation		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	If the end of the bone leaves the joint but returns to it, it is called a sprain, and if it is fixed in the abnormal position, it is called a dislocation.
Cross lift		General Safety and Security	Water Rescue	This is the easiest method to lift an unconscious patient to shore. The rescuer drags the victim close to the shore and then places the victim on the edge of the pool with his/her hands placed on top of eachother. The rescuer places one hand on the edge of the pool and the other on the victim's hands, preventing the victim from moving away from the pool wall. The rescuer, leaning on both hands, pushes himself/herself onto the pool wall and climbs out of the water.
Vulnerability		General Operations	Flood response	Vulnerable water supply (water base) refers what may be reached by waters of surface origin within a 100 years.
Fascine works		General Operations	Flood response	All kinds of structures used in water damage elimination and water construction comprising branches and rods cut off from willow and aspen trees (fascine). Fascine is bundled and stacked. Main components of fascine works are fascine bundles, fascine ropes and various pickets. Softened steel wires are used to attach elements together.
Slip (sliding)		General Operations	Flood response	Mass movement occurring at alternating water-permeating and waterproof layers (sliced slipping).
Section-protection-commander		General Operations	Flood response	Specially trained technical personnel managing response efforts of the flood-defence line’s sections under several guard districts, fulfilling response work with personal liability and adequate authority. Reports directly to the response leader (deputy thereof). Site of posting is the section protection centre during the time of flood response, which is a centrally located – as regards the relevant protection section – dam guard house with on-duty room, adequate means of communications and IT devices, accessibly both by road and on water.
Structural dam		General Operations	Flood response	When different structural elements (reliefs, clay hedge, etc.) are built in the dam.
Leakage		General Operations	Flood response	As a result of water pressure, flood covering the embankment’s river side attempts to penetrate the embankment body and the subsoil. Since there is no absolutely waterproof soil, water fills the pores of the embankment material up to a smaller or larger height, and moves towards the saved side therein. (...) Leakage turns dangerous when the embankment becomes wet in its entire cross-section and relief water appears on the saved side, i.e. embankment becomes wet throughout. (...) The stability of an embankment saturated with water is lower than that of a dry or a wet. (...) May even result in dam breaking.
Relief		General Operations	Flood response	Horizontal or slant trench tapping the water-containing layer or a pipe with gap volumes exceeding that of surrounding soil (crushed stone, gravel, from powdering or perforated material) to collected and lead off damaging or excess waters.
Relief trench		General Operations	Flood response	Small trench created on the embankment’s saved side to keep the leakage line inside the embankment body and to collect and lead of water leaking through.
Relief channel		General Operations	Flood response	Relief channels are built in the vicinity of high-led irrigation and power plant channels, the saved sides of flood protection embankments to collect up to a specific level and leading the away the water leaking through.
Gripping dam		General Operations	Flood response	Earth dam from rough gravel with a height of 0.5 to 1 m connected to the saved side of a flood protection embankment built 10 to 20 metres away from and in parallel with it. During persistently high water levels, a gripping dam catches the surfacing water and prevents it from spreading; thus, counter-balances buoyant force exerted on the saved-side cover layer while reducing the formation of sand-boils.
Emergency reservoir		General Operations	Flood response	Contingency and emergency reservoirs during floods are used interchangeable both in technical literature and in practice. These notions, however, are only partial synonyms. Both refer to water being led to a pre-determined part of the saved flood basin as a supplementary or backup option of the protection system in order to avoid major damages and flood disasters in case of floods exceeding the governing flood wave of the flood protection embankment system or a critical condition of the main defence line. Meadow or forest management is pursued in the area designated as a reservoir. Storage aims at retaining a part of the water quantity transported by the flood wave temporarily, and thus to reduce the peak height of the flood wave. The processes and calculation considerations of the impact mechanisms of contingency and emergency reservoirs are identical. The two notions may be distinguished by the separate legal categories of contingency and emergency reservoirs in flood protection in effect for the time being. Contingency reservoirs refer to areas constructed or designated as reservoirs rendered suitable for temporary storage with technical facilities which have not be appropriated but were designated for potential spreading by flood legally.
Base seeping		General Operations	Flood response	Base seeping refers to seeping developing along embankment foundation.
Base leakage		General Operations	Flood response	Base leakage is a special case of layer leakage when water leaks in the embankment’s foundation; reasons being inadequately compacted first layer and/or lack of removing hums cover layer.
Embankment support		General Operations	Flood response	In the course of response, construction of a saved-side sandbag, stone structure restraining embankment slipping or replacing sagged or slipped embankment parts.
Embankment crown-convexing		General Operations	Flood response	Cambered formation of flood and inland protection embankments aiming to let precipitation flow down from the crown without causing any tracks or soaking.
Heading of embankment		General Operations	Flood response	Heading of embankment refers to dam crown heightening with machinery earthwork possibly in the entire cross-section.
Embankment sliding		General Operations	Flood response	Shell-like cross-wise movement of part of embankment (downward, outward or inward), the embankment usually slips owing to an adverse impact of the soil mechanical features of soaked embankment material during floods. The beginning of embankment slipping is indicated by longitudinal cracks occurring on the embankment crown or ramp. Dangerous phenomenon that may trigger embankment breaking.
Embankment mounting		General Operations	Flood response	The state that occurs when flood level exceeds embankment crown level and water pours over it.
Embankment cracking		General Operations	Flood response	Embankment cracking may occur as a result of fixed soil embankment drying out, initial slipping of swelling material incorporated in the embankment or of the embankment or the diversion of softened subsoil. Embankment cracking may occur in net, longitudinal or traversal forms. Net embankment cracking is harmless, while the other forms require intervention.
Embankment breaking		General Operations	Flood response	The final stage of embankment destruction when protection capacity ceases, embankment crown is washed away by water mounting it, response structure becoming full of cavities, which slip or collapse as a result of slipping, while the dam section drifts away. Water floods part or whole of the saved flood basin as a result of embankment breaking, which may lead to a devastating flood disaster threatening several settlements.
Raised bank I		General Operations	Flood response	Riverbank formation reaching beyond the highest water level (HWL) and thus delimiting open flood plains naturally.
Raised bank II		General Operations	Flood response	Raised bank refers to a riverbank formation delimiting open flood basins naturally and exceeding the highest water level ever detected – or the governing flood level – by a safe margin.
Raised bank defense line		General Operations	Flood response	Area strip kept free with a view to responding to extremely high floods on raised banks of rivers constructed for flood protection that may be integrated into the flood-protection defence line.
Height security		General Operations	Flood response	Difference between the heights of a flood-protection embankment’s crown level suitable for protection and the then current river water level (or some governing flood level).
Secondary flood-protection structure		General Operations	Flood response	Flood-protection structure established in a saved area and classified as secondary by legislation to fulfil a localisation role.
Watercourse		General Operations	Flood response	Natural hollow or constructed terrain form comprising a water stream or lake regularly covered by water up to a certain riverbank line.
Watercourse fullness		General Operations	Flood response	Value of momentary water level expressed as a percentage of water play.
Saved flood basin		General Operations	Flood response	Flood basin part protected from flooding by flood protection dams.
Summer dam		General Operations	Flood response	Flood plain embankment with limited protection capacity lower than the main defence line that offers protection for agricultural production against minor summer floods mostly.
Open flood basin		General Operations	Flood response	The area that may be flooded freely by the river.
Stretching dam		General Operations	Flood response	Temporary dam of small size (crown width of 50 to 60 cm) constructed from earth or earth and earth bags and planks at short notice, in case of floods exceeding the embankment crown – against embankment mounting. Frequent form of application is an elongated dam constructed from sandbag. Elongated dams are built on the water-side of the dam crown. The height of an elongated dam is usually 60 to 70 cm. Elongated dams may also be used to localise floods that are already spread.
Layer leakage		General Operations	Flood response	Soaking phenomenon of the zone embankment body often take the form of layer leakage, when leakage starts in a layer conducting water better.
Layer (contour) and base leakage		General Operations	Flood response	As a result of water pressure, flood covering the embankment’s river side attempts to penetrate the embankment body and the subsoil. Since there is no absolutely waterproof soil, water fills the pores of the embankment material up to a smaller or larger height, and moves towards the saved side therein. Leakage turns dangerous when the embankment becomes wet in its entire cross-section and relief water appears on the saved side, i.e. embankment becomes wet throughout. The stability of an embankment saturated with water is lower than that of a dry or a wet. May even result in dam breaking.
Layer water base		General Operations	Flood response	Water base the water supply of which is found below the first waterproof layer or in the absence of such layer, in powdery or rubble rock layer deeper than 50 metres.
Ramp		General Operations	Flood response	Lateral surfaces of furrows and embankments at specific angles with the horizontal.
Ramp stability		General Operations	Flood response	Form keeping depending on the material, cohesion and friction angle of embankments. In case of lasting high floods, ramp stability is adversely reduced by leakage and soaking.
Ramp sliding		General Operations	Flood response	Sliding of the ramp or the riverbank curved sliding sheet as a result of decreasing solidity of the ramp material or leakage pressure of water leaking out on the ramp (or the river bank).
Ramp peeling		General Operations	Flood response	Ramp sliding in minor or major patches as a result of soaking or loosening of few decimetres of crumby surface layer.
Ramp slumping		General Operations	Flood response	Soil of embankment delimited by ramps getting wet and becoming fluid as a result of physical or chemical processes.
Ramp slipping		General Operations	Flood response	Movement of soil material of ramp as a single mass due to its own weight or as a result of loading or chemical changes.
Havaria		General Operations	Flood response	Unexpected incident occurring in the course of human activities that is significant as regards its impact and caused unintentionally, which threatens human health or the environment.
Local water damage elimination		General Operations	Flood response	Organised activities of local nature resolved even with temporary structures to counter adverse water surplus or shortage. Local water damage elimination works may include summer dams in flood plains of rivers, embankments by small water streams, round embankments of settlements, residential water regulation facilities. etc. Local municipalities fulfil local water damage elimination responsibilities covering prevention and response.
Hidrology		General	Flood response	Science dealing with the forms of appearance, causal relationships and laws of permanent circulation of waters occurring in nature.
Homogenous dam		General Operations	Flood response	Entire cross-section is built with the same construction method and from the same material in a single run.
Snow-water content		General	Flood response	Water quantity stored in snow layer found in some area.
Flood plain		General Operations	Flood response	Area between riverbank edges and flood protection embankments or between raised banks without embankments.
Swelling		General Operations	Flood response	Hitting or in more severe cases destructing impact of waves on banks or embankment ramps triggered by wind or artificial intervention (boats and ships) on rivers, channels or lakes. Waves may result in foaming proportionate with water depth and water surface width.
Temporary rampart		General Operations	Flood response	Structure constructed in the preparation or implementation stage of response: elongated dams, coffer-dams, support or sand-boil neutralising sandbag structures, fascine works attenuating waves and foaming, temporary diverting or round embankments, facilities closing off embankment breaking.
Stage 1 water damage-elimination readiness (lookout duty, readiness)		General Operations	Flood response	Ordered by protection leader when a settlement’s precipitation water collection grid shows 60 % fullness, pumping is required or minor flooding appears in lower settlement parts, and further adverse flooding situation is expected.
Stage 2 water damage-elimination readiness (minor response interventions)		General Operations	Flood response	Ordered by protection leader when in spite of ongoing water collection, the precipitation water collection conduits show fullness in excess of 80 % while pumping requirement is increasing and meteorological forecasts indicate additional precipitation.
Stage 3 water damage-elimination readiness (increased response)		General Operations	Flood response	Ordered by protection leader when lower settlement parts, streets and basements or cellars are under water, properties, residential housing, public buildings, industrial, agricultural, commercial facilities and roads are threatened by water damage in spite of response efforts. precipitation water collection conduits and ditches show fullness in excess of 100%.
Coffer-dam		General Operations	Flood response	A temporary response structure between two plank rows secured by flood protection poles and filled with compacted earth, which is applied in case of water levels exceeding the flood protection embankment crown by 80 cm or for closing channels and water streams. Coffer-dam width is largely identical to its height. Boards or fascine may also be used instead of planks.
Dredge		General Operations	Flood response	Rubble or drift gathering on quieter water surfaces by riverbanks as a result of wind and waves or floods (woodchips, branches, grass, hay, etc.). If caught and collected by floating frames, they may be used to attenuate waves in flood response.
Crust seeping (outline seeping)		General Operations	Flood response	Crust seeping (or outline seeping) refers to a flood phenomenon when seeping develops along the boundary of interconnection layer of embankment expansions.
Relocation, evacuation		General Operations Safety and Security	Flood response	Relocation in qualified periods and in emergencies, organised extraction of people living in areas hit or threatened by an imminent event and of material assets found therein and required for their subsistence based on decision from an eligible entity; Evacuation, an activity when there is no sufficient time for relocation and expedite extraction of the population is necessary due to an imminent event.
Outline leakage		General Operations	Flood response	Outline leakage develops on the surface of flood protection structure and earth crossings or on the surface of embankment construction stages.
Localisation plan		General Operations	Flood response	Plan summarising the opportunities and responsibilities for delaying, guiding and retaining floods breaking into saved areas by localisation embankments.
Localisation embankment		General Operations	Flood response	Earth work connecting natural terrain formations within a flood-protection clothing suitable for restraining and guiding surfacing waters in a planned manner.
Localisation I		General Operations	Flood response	A form of responding to water damages attempting to constrain damages to a specific area. Localisation is particularly important in case flood-protection embankments break through, while localisation is also necessary when retaining water during inland water response. Localisation may be achieved by using pre-planned and constructed structures (e.g. localisation dams) or temporary facilities. As regards localisation, roads, railroads and natural terrain formations must also be taken into account in addition to water management facilities.
Localisation II		General Operations	Flood response	Preventing further spreading and damaging caused by water entering a saved flood basin with incumbent terrain formations and embankments or with the same or constructed as needed.
Soaking		General Operations	Flood response	Appearance of water on the saved side of earth embankment as a result of leakage started in the subsoil and the embankment owing to water pressure.
Inland water		General Operations	Flood response	Inland water occurs in the upper layer of the soil if free pores of the soil are saturated with water; it is characterised by local occurrence as a result of adverse meteorological or hydrological factors: attributable to sudden melting of snow, precipitation or high groundwater levels when groundwater surfaces.
Ribbed support I		General Operations	Flood response	During lasting high floods, one method of responding to leakage or wetting detected on the embankment’s saved-side ramp. Soaked saved-side embankment ramp vulnerable to slipping is loaded with bags filled with earth (stones) placed like ribs starting from the embankment foot. Rib width is one bag long. This method should be applied if responding is not possible from water side.
Ribbed support II		General Operations	Flood response	Method allowing for saved-side supporting or loading of flood protection embankments (usually with sandbags) even after relief waters disappeared. Ditches filled with sandy gravel channel relief water appearing in embankment strips left between series of bags making up the ribs.
Sand-boil (Seethe)		General Operations	Flood response	Concentrated water outburst mixed with fine gravel soil from upward leakage (flow) on the saved side behind the embankment (dam) as a result of one-sided water pressure exerted on the embankment. Sand-boils may even cause embankment breaking indirectly. Conventional response to sand-boil with counter-pressure basin built from sandbags.
Seeping		General Operations	Flood response	Seeping is a concentrated outflow of water penetrating the dam on the saved-side ramp, in the subsoil or near the embankment claw. Crust seeping (or outline seeping) refers to a flood phenomenon when seeping develops along the boundary of interconnection layer of embankment expansions. Base seeping refers to seeping developing along embankment foundation. Seeping is attributable to embankment inhomogeneity and appear frequently in the saved-side ramps of flood protection embankments and in the saved-side claws and may evolve into dangerous hole erosions. Seeping overgrowth may generate ramp slipping while expanding seeping diameters may evolve into dam breaking.
Sliding (slipping)		General Operations	Flood response	Mass movement occurring at alternating water-permeating and waterproof layers (sliced slipping)
Deflation		General Operations	Flood response	Wind destroying the soil, a form of soil erosion, also referred to as wind erosion.
Foaming I.		General Operations	Flood response	Damage caused in the riverbank as a result of water waves (river, creek, channel, reservoir, lake).
Foaming II.		General Operations	Flood response	Drifting deterioration of riverbank or earth embankment as a result of water waves (river, creek, channel, reservoir, lake). The extent of waves causing foaming is proportionate with wind speed, water depth and wave driving length.
Counter-pressure basin		General Operations	Flood response	In case of flood response, the space between pressing dam of 0.6 to 1.5-metre high interconnected with the embankment built into the flood protection embankment’s saved-side ramp 20 to 25 metres away, or the basin of a response structure built around a sand-boil to catch the sand-boil. The water level of the counter-pressure basin balances out the upward pressure of external water.
Primary flood-protection structure		General Operations	Flood response	Flood defence line (embankment, wall, raised bank, flood peak reducing reservoir, flood draining channel) declared as main response structure affecting three or more settlements, and earth embankment serving to prevent floods in settlements laying in the open flood basin of a river.
Emission		General	Flood response	Emission of contaminants from environment use or other activities in general, radiation, vibration, smell, etc.
Erosion I (soil deterioration)		General	Flood response	Soil deteriorating efforts of water.
Erosion II (erosion work of river water flowing in a watercourse)		General	Flood response	Rivers transport and even accumulate rubble. Valley formation activities of rivers is attested by erosion valley the most unambiguously. The energy of water flowing in the watercourse by whirl principle grabs the watercourse material and attacks and digs the watercourse along with rubble from valley slopes as a tool. A river’s erosion activity is proportionate with water yield and squarely proportionate with water speed. Thus, the erosion work of a river with steeper slope and less yield is more significant than that of a less steep river with a higher yield. (Goda Péter, 1991)
Erosion III		General	Flood response	Soil destruction process as a result of wind or water. Erosion caused by water may be distinguished by erosion being caused on a slope or in a watercourse. Erosion occurring on slopes may be divided into surface erosion (destruction affecting the entire area caused by the net of creeks) and washout caused by water-flow concentrated in water movements. Watercourse erosion may be lateral and in depth. Lateral watercourse erosion alters the watercourse topographically, while in-depth watercourse erosion causes a change in the depth of the watercourse.
Opening water		General Operations	Flood response	Water bursting from water space of higher surface into a lower terrain through relief holes without material washout, or groundwater raised by pressure propagation. Identical temperatures of exterior water and opening water indicate cross leakage, while difference therein indicate groundwater level rising. Often accompany flood waves but frequently occurs in the vicinity of high-led irrigation channels and reach river sections.
Head picketing		General Operations	Flood response	Method to protect embankment ramp attacked by waves. Fascine is squeezed behind flood-protection pickets driven before the foamed headwall 30 to 40 cm in a width of 10 cm, whit wet hay behind. This protection wall may be increased to a height of 1 m.
Halobity		General	Flood response	Sum of inorganic chemical characteristics determined by the features of the catchment area and the riverbed and influenced by artificial inlets.
Limit value		General	Flood response	Contaminant concentration allowed or tolerated in environmental elements. Determining limit values is influenced by social, economic and environmental circumstances.
Wave projection, wave front		General	Climate change related risks	The progress of weather fronts is often uneven, with some parts of the front slowing down and lagging behind, typically as precipitation increases. This type of front zone is called a wavy front, a phenomenon known as wave projection
weather		General Safety and Security Operations	Climate change related risks	The instantaneous state of the atmosphere and its meteorological characteristics and their behaviour over the course of a few hours, days or weeks.
Windstorm		General Safery and Security	Climate change related risks	A very violent wind that races with gale force; a gale; a hurricane. Force over 60km/h
Subsoil leakage		General Operations	Flood response	In subsoils conducting water or subsoils containing layers conducting water, intense leakage begins during floods towards the saved side since this is where the highest water pressure appears.
Dormant dam		General Operations	Flood response	Earth embankment (for flood protection or other purpose) with no water load for a longer period of time since its construction for some reason, e.g. altered purpose. Embankment sections disconnected from responding due to altered defence lines become dormant dams.
Flood wave		General Operations	Flood response	Specific state of a river or a water stream when water flow and water level increase significantly. In practice, floods refer to waters exceeding and exiting the bank edge of middle-water watercourse. Flood waves are the combination of water levels (water flows) rising, peaking and descending from one volleying to the subsequent volleying in a specific cross-section of natural water streams.
Flood wave speed		General Operations	Flood response	Progressing speed of water level or water flow peaking flood waves on rivers, i.e. the path taken under unit time at the middle of the river. Flood wave speed should be distinguished from water flow speed and may even have an opposite direction or become inexplicable from or in a certain river section. (Referred to as the flood wave being lost or merged with another one.) Consequently, flood wave speed must be construed as a function of hydrological and hydraulic factors characterised by large statistical spreads as opposed to permanent features of a watercourse.
Flood basin		General Operations	Flood response	The area that would be flooded by a river without the presence of flood protection structures. The flood basin part protected by flood saving structures are referred to as the saved flood basin. The flood basin protected by flood protection structures is the open flood basin. The open flood basin before the embankment is the flood plain.
Flood basin clothing		General Operations	Flood response	Partial catchment area of the flood basin separated by natural or artificial boundaries that may be flooded in the clothing section (without response structures or in case they are destroyed).
Flood-protection embankment		General Operations	Flood response	Earth structure scaled for water retention, which limits the spreading of flood arising above the terrain to a certain strip of land or the flood plain. Strict technical specifications define the dimensions and other physical parameters (height, cross-section, consistency, etc.) of flood protection embankment.
Flood		General Operations Safety and Security	Flood response	Floods refer to waters exceeding and exiting the bank edge of middle-water watercourse.
Flood phenomenon		General Operations	Flood response	Form of appearance of flooding consequences of rivers. Flood phenomenon may refer to rising water level, increased water speed, flooded flood plain, dam body leakage or seeping, formation of opening waters or sand boils, flooding of residential areas, etc.
Flood response		General Operations	Flood response	Preparing for and organising response, responding to flood damages during floods on flood-defence lines, rivers and flood basins, and other response activities when floods receded.
Flood protection		General Operations	Flood response	Water management sectoral activity aimed at establishing, maintaining and improving water protection structures, and at preparing, implementing flood response and ex post works.
Flood-protection wall		General Operations	Flood response	Reinforced concrete, concrete or brick structure used in the absence of sufficient space for building an earth embankment to substitute or heighten flood protection earth embankment.
Flood-protection system		General Operations	Flood response	Entirety of response structures aimed at the flood protection of a flood clothing or some larger region. (For example embankments, emergency reservoirs, round embankments, localising embankments by a river, materials and communications devices constitute the flood protection system of that river.)
Flood-protection (sand)bag		General Operations	Flood response	Sandbags, jute or PP (Polypropylene) bags filled with gravel and container bags are playing an increasing role in preventive flood response practices.
Flood-protection structures		General Operations	Flood response	Structures constituting integral parts of flood-protection dams aimed at excluding, draining or leading off in regulated stages floods (flood gates, emergency reservoir’s filling-draining structure, valley-closing dam’s structure, etc.).
Flood-protection section		General Operations	Flood response	The basic unit of flood-defence lines defined for implementing response.
Drought		General	Flood response	Lasting precipitation shortage accompanied by extreme heat.
Radial wind map		General	Climate change related risks	An important product of Doppler radar equipment. Such radars can measure the speed at which an air element is moving away from or towards the instrument, provided that sufficiently large particles are available in the air. By plotting these measurements on a map, it is possible to identify locations where approach and departure are occurring at small distances from each other, as this can indicate significant horizontal shear and swirling motion. In this way, rotational motion in supercells, among other things, can be identified.
radiation balance		General	Climate change related risks	The balance of short-wave (RH) radiation from the Sun to the Earth and long-wave (HH) radiation emitted by the Earth. Each component of the balance can be measured separately.
radiative forcing, greenhouse gas forcing		General	Climate change related risks	The excess of radiation that a molecule or aerosol particle imparts to the radiation balance of the Earth's atmosphere by being present in the atmosphere in some concentration.
renewable energy		General	Climate change related risks	Energy sources that can be recharged and renewed in a humanly acceptable time. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro (including wave or tidal), geothermal, and (under appropriate conditions) biomass.
seagrass field		General	Climate change related risks	It is common on sandy or muddy soils permanently covered with water on the coast, and is often found in brackish water in estuaries.
seasonal forecast		General	Climate change related risks	Weather forecasting requires as accurate a knowledge as possible of the initial state, while climate projections require modelling of changes in the external and internal factors that govern the climate over the long term. Seasonal forecasts combine these two approaches. A professionally correct seasonal projection still tries to provide accurate information relevant for specific periods, but it does so with a probabilistic approach.
Seerisk	Seerisk	General Management	Climate change related risks	Joint Disaster Management risk assessment and preparedness in the Danube macro-region
Severe thunderstorm		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	A thunderstorm is an atmospheric phenomenon that is observed in the form of one or more electrical discharges (lightning) and/or thunder and/or a sharp, crackling sound. High-level thunderstorm clouds are surrounded by alternating areas of strong updrafts and downdrafts over a short distance. For this reason, the development of extremely dangerous accompanying phenomena during a severe thunderstorm is usually limited to a small area. Large ice (at least 2 cm in diameter) or strong thunderstorms (gusts of over 90 km/h) may occur, but in extreme cases much larger ice pieces may fall and hurricane-force winds (over 119 km/h) may develop. Intense thunderstorms can also be accompanied by sudden heavy rainfall, in which case low-flowing streams can widen into rushing rivers in a matter of seconds. The likelihood of the above-mentioned dangerous events occurring on the evening of a heavy thunderstorm is relatively low, due to their highly localised nature, and in some cases they may not even affect populated areas. When several severe thunderstorms are connected, we speak of a chain of thunderstorms (thunderstorm system), in which case the dangerous accompanying phenomena may affect not only one or two settlements, but also several counties or regions.
smog		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	The accumulation of air pollutants from human (anthropogenic) sources in the lower layer of the atmosphere. There are two main types: Los Angeles-type (or photochemical) smog and London-type (or reducing) smog.
Stationary front		General	Climate change related risks	An atmospheric front whose position changes little over time. In practice, fronts with a speed of less than 10 km per hour are classified here.
statistics for the analysis of extreme values		General	Climate change related risks	The concepts of return time, period (the time in which the chosen return value (or even a return value exceeding it) can occur once) and return value, level (e.g. the wind speed that occurs at most once in the chosen return period but not necessarily) are used to describe extreme values, the values of which can be calculated using statistical methods.
Sustainable Development Goals		General	Climate change related risks	A 17-point list of global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2015, designed to be "a blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all "*, to be achieved by 2030.
Talanoa Dialogue		General	Climate change related risks	The aim is for the countries participating in the Paris Agreement to take global stock of how they are doing in meeting their national commitments and what needs to be done to limit global warming to the 1.5°C level of the Agreement. Over the past year, nations, regions and civil society have jointly organised consultations and round tables on this issue.
Thunderstorm system (mesoscale convective system)		General	Climate change related risks	Thunderstorm system (mesoscale convective system) A large group of interacting thunderclouds (at least 100 km in scale) with a more or less coherent precipitation field. Thunderstorm systems are classified into types according to various criteria. In our country, special attention should be paid to thunderstorms that form in a line (thunderstorm chain), which often move at high speed and are signaled by a gust of wind. Depending on the weather situation, in addition to lightning activity, the dominant hazard of organised thunderstorms may be heavy precipitation, wind and hail.
tipping point		General	Climate change related risks	A threshold in the Earth's climate system beyond which the system enters a different state.
Troposphere		General	Climate change related risks	The lowest layer of the atmosphere, about 10 km thick, where weather processes (cloud and precipitation formation) take place.
Urban Heat Island	UHI	General	Climate change related risks	A meteorological phenomenon observed in large urban areas but of varying intensity. The inner, more densely built-up areas of cities, with a high proportion of artificial pavement, often have higher temperatures than the suburbs, agglomerations or surrounding green areas of the same municipality.
Warm wet conveyor belt		General	Climate change related risks	A flow zone in the warm sector of a cyclone, up to a few 100 km wide and 1-3 km thick, which transports warm air with high moisture content. In cyclones and thunderstorm systems with high precipitation, the warm moist convection band often provides the necessary water vapour content and instability.
water vapour		General	Climate change related risks	Water is a gaseous state and a major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Formula: H2O The amount of water vapour in the air on Earth is highly variable in space and time, but the total amount of water in the atmosphere is almost constant, globally approximately 13 000 km3 (13 000 billion tonnes)
Nationally Determined Contributions	NDCs	General	Climate change related risks	Declarations by countries of the extent to which and the measures they intend to take to control their greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015
Natural hazards		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	Natural processes or phenomena that, that cause loss of human life, injury or other adverse health effects, damage to property, loss of livelihood and loss of life and services, social and economic disruption and environmental environmental damage.
Nature Based Solutions	NBS	General	Climate change related risks	A catch-all term that brings together many concepts such as climate change adaptation, ecosystem services, resilience, green infrastructure. The design solutions themselves are based on nature-inspired systems, driven by natural processes, which provide cost-effective solutions to urban challenges and offer a variety of positive environmental, social and economic impacts. For example, reducing air pollution, mitigating the impact of flash floods and severe rainfall events, increasing biodiversity, improving the mental and physical health of the population, recreation, cooling urban surfaces in summer, improving local social interaction, plus job creation. Most common examples are urban green spaces, gardens, parks, green roofs/walls.
Occlusion (occlusion front)		General	Climate change related risks	In the final stage of a cyclone's development, the warm front is gradually merged with the cold front that is catching up with it. The process is called occlusion, the merged front is called an occlusion front.
Pentad average		General	Climate change related risks	The mean value over a five-day period for a weather element.
phenology		General	Climate change related risks	Phenology is the study of periodic life phenomena (e.g. budding, flowering, migration) in flora and fauna that are dependent on environmental conditions, literally "the science of appearance". More sensuously, the subject of study is 'the seasonal pulsation of nature'.
Protection against lightning strikes		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	If a big thunderstorm is approaching or catches you, take shelter somewhere (not under a lone tree). A house or a shop is best. If you are in a car, close the windows, don't touch metal parts. Avoid protruding or exposed places. Caves and depressions can provide protection if they are at least 1.5 metres deep. Avoid wet ground, leave water surfaces immediately. Avoid rockfalls in dangerous gullies. You can also protect yourself by standing on a 10-30 cm thick layer of insulation (dry stone, cloth). It is not advisable to camp under an old, lone tree, as falling branches can crush the tent and the risk of lightning strikes is greatest here.
Providing REgional Climates	Precis	General	Climate change related risks	Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies
imission		General	Climate change related risks	Air pollution; the mass of an air pollutant per unit volume of air.
Indian summer		General	Climate change related risks	A warmer than average late autumn period, associated with mostly calm, sunny weather.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change	IPCC	General	Climate change related risks	The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the scientific body that supports the decision-making process of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is responsible for periodically summarising and assessing the latest scientific findings on the natural and socio-economic impacts and risks of climate change.
internal climatic variability		General	Climate change related risks	Refers to natural variations in climate over time. Also called natural climate variability, this includes for example the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. Such processes are essentially only able to reorganise energy spatially, do not cause long-term temperature trends, and occur independently of human activity and other external forcing
jet stream		General	Climate change related risks	High-speed air currents (above 50 km/h), hundreds of kilometres wide but only a few kilometres deep, capable of meandering, part of the global circulation.
just transition		General	Climate change related risks	Just transition or equitable transition refers to the transformations needed to build a clean energy economy and society, implemented in a way that does not disadvantage the communities affected by the measures. The greening of the economy will involve significant economic and social change, and therefore, in a spirit of solidarity, the populations of the affected regions, e.g. coal workers, should be provided with retraining programmes, new jobs of appropriate quality and other social supports.
land-use change		General	Climate change related risks	The process by which humans are transforming soil and land cover, contributing significantly to global climate change.
Lightning strike		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	The duration of a lightning flash ranges from a millionth of a second to a few tens of thousands of a second, travels at speeds of 160-1600 km per second and can produce temperatures of up to 30,000 Co. Discharge of atmospheric electricity (accompanied by light and sound phenomena and thunder) that occurs between clouds or between clouds and the ground. It generates heat, ignites easily combustible materials, melts metals and vaporises liquids. Those struck by lightning usually suffer severe burns.
Main		General	Climate change related risks	Warm, dry descending air movement on the downwind side of the mountains
Managing the risk	SREX SREX	General	Climate change related risks	Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change
mitigation		General	Climate change related risks	Mitigation of climate change means reducing it. Changes can be made at many levels of society to mitigate climate change, from individual habits to the contributions of countries. Perhaps most importantly, countries can regulate their greenhouse gas emissions in the shape of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.
Mixing layer thickness (planetary boundary layer thickness)		General	Climate change related risks	Mixing layer thickness (planetary boundary layer thickness): Thickness of the layer of air above the surface in which the air is relatively well mixed due to vertical motions. This layer is the lowest region of the troposphere in which the influence of the Earth's surface is direct and short-lived (~1-2 hours).
fire weather		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	A combination of weather conditions that promote the development and rapid spread of fires, including (among others) high temperatures, low humidity, and high winds.
Fit for 55		General	Climate change related risks	Virtually all countries in the world, including the European Union (EU), have signed the Paris Agreement, which calls for the global community to limit global warming to well below 2°C, but preferably to 1.5°C. To this end, the EU has set a target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. It has also backed this up with a medium-term target to reduce EU greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to the 1990 baseline. To achieve this, the European Commission has developed the Fit for 55 package of proposals, which revises current legislation and provides a toolbox to make climate targets a reality. One of the main tasks of the package is to decide how emission reductions can be fairly distributed between Member States and sectors.
footprint / ecological footprint		General	Climate change related risks	The aggregate adverse environmental impact of an anthropogenic system (individual, company, industry or process).
fossil energy		General	Climate change related risks	Energy obtained by burning hydrocarbons from the bodies of long-dead living things (plants and animals). Organic matter is converted into hydrocarbons by rock formation processes in a place isolated from oxygen during the Earth's history. The three main fossil energy carriers are coal from plant remains buried under marshes, and oil and gas from marine sedimentation.
frosty day		General	Climate change related risks	The daily minimum temperature is < 0 °C, meaning that frost occurs during the day.
geoengineering		General	Climate change related risks	Intentional and artificial interference with the Earth's climate system in order to reduce the effects of climate change.
Geographic Information System	GIS	General Management Operations	Climate change related risks	Geographic Information System (GIS). A computer system that can be linked to a geographical location GIS is a system for the collection, storage, management, analysis, visualisation of information, observation and modelling of geographical phenomena.
Global change		General	Climate change related risks	Global change refers to planetary-scale changes in the Earth system. It includes changes in the Earth's atmospheric and oceanic circulation, climate, climate change, climate change and climate change. carbon and nitrogen cycles, water circulation, sea ice and sea level, food chains, biodiversity, pollution, health, health, fish stocks, etc. changes in. Civilisation is currently a global of global change, and the concept of "globalisation" is therefore population should also be included, the economy, resource use, population and energy, development, transport, communication, land use and land cover, urbanisation and globalisation.
Global Methane Pledge		General	Climate change related risks	An initiative launched by the US and the EU at the UN General Assembly in September 2021. One of its main goals is to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030 compared to 2020 levels.
global warming hiatus		General	Climate change related risks	A shorter period during which the increase in global average temperature is less than expected.
Global Warming Potential	GWP	General	Climate change related risks	Global warming potential is a quantity without units, essentially a measure of the greenhouse effect relative to a reference gas (carbon dioxide) for a given molecule. It expresses how much stronger/weaker the greenhouse effect of a given greenhouse gas is compared to carbon dioxide, i.e. how much 'warming' effect it has on the atmosphere.
greenhouse effect		General	Climate change related risks	The process by which the Earth's atmosphere transmits incoming solar radiation but does not allow some of the long-wave radiation (thermal radiation) that is scattered back from the surface to space to escape.
greenhouse gases		General	Climate change related risks	Gaseous molecules that absorb the long-wave (infrared, IR) part of incoming solar radiation, causing a greenhouse effect.
growing season		General	Climate change related risks	The time of year when temperatures are favourable for the growth and development of plants.
Hadley-cella		General	Climate change related risks	The Hadley cell, or tropical cell, is part of the large Earth's general circulation. In a solar radiation-driven system, intense irradiance in the equatorial region causes upwelling, which promotes cloud and precipitation formation.
harsh sun		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	Minimum daily temperature < -10 °C.
heat index	(HI)	General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	A term used mainly in the Anglo-Saxon world, an index number that includes temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) measured in the shade.
Heatwave		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	Periods when the temperature abnormally and uncomfortably high, and unusually high humidity. An heatwave usually lasts two or more days. Days with an average daily temperature above the average daily temperature (26.6ºC) measured with a frequency of 97%. Heatwave = 3 consecutive days with average daily temperature above 26.6ºC A long period of much higher average daily temperatures than usual.
ice shelf		General	Climate change related risks	A large sheet of floating ice that forms along the coastline of ice shelves (Antarctica, Greenland). The largest ice shelf on Earth is the Ross Ice Shelf, which covers an area of approximately 500 000 km2, almost five times the size of Hungary.
Ice train		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	A depression or valley constriction where frost is more frequent and temperatures are significantly lower at night than in the surrounding areas.
climate services		General	Climate change related risks	Personalised information on climate and other relevant data to support decision-making on adaptation issues. Forms include forecasts, economic analyses, technology assessments, sharing and advising on good practices, developing and evaluating solutions.
climate system		General	Climate change related risks	The atmosphere and the four geospheres (hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface and biosphere) that interact with it.
Cold convection/Hot convection		General	Climate change related risks	If the air flow moves air from a colder air mass to a warmer air mass, it is called cold convection, otherwise it is called warm convection.
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities	CBDR	General	Climate change related risks	Developed countries should bear a greater share of the burden of emissions regulation because they have a greater historical responsibility for causing global climate change. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities was formalised in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The CBDR is based on the premise that climate change and industrialisation are closely linked, and therefore more developed countries are more likely to have contributed more significantly to global warming and therefore have a greater responsibility to mitigate it.
Conference of the Parties	COP	General	Climate change related risks	The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the annual international climate conference organised by the United Nations (UN).
Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator	CAPPI	General	Climate change related risks	Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator: The type of radar data display where a three-dimensional radar data set is measured at a fixed height above the surface and the measurement is plotted on the resulting horizontal cross-section.
Cyclone		General	Climate change related risks	A low-pressure atmospheric formation with a typical horizontal extent of around 1000 km in the temperate zone.
Cyclonic/anticyclonic curvature		General	Climate change related risks	An arrangement or curvature of isobars that generates a counterclockwise flow in the northern hemisphere is called a cyclonic curvature, the opposite is called an anticyclonic curvature
decarbonisation		General	Climate change related risks	The transition to a low and later zero greenhouse gas emission economy. This requires, among other things, phasing out fossil fuels and making the widest possible use of renewable energy sources.
Disguised front		General	Climate change related risks	A front which, due to various local effects, is barely detectable in the lower layers of the air or causes changes in the opposite direction (e.g. a rise in temperature in the case of a cold front)
Dobson unit		General	Climate change related risks	The Dobson unit is a measure of the column density of the ozone layer. Symbol: DU (Dobson unit). If all the ozone in a column of air of a given surface area were uniformly distributed over the Earth's surface, the equivalent of 1 DU at 1 bar atmospheric pressure at 0 °C would form a layer 0.01 mm thick. The normal ozone content of the Earth's atmosphere would be around 300 DU, or 3 mm thick. The unit is named after Gordon Dobson (1889-1976), a British physicist and meteorologist who built the first instrument to measure the level of high-atmosphere (stratospheric) ozone from the surface.
Earth Overshoot Day		General	Climate change related risks	Marking the date on which humanity's ecological resource needs for a given year exceed the amount that the Earth can replenish. To calculate Overshoot Day, divide the productive capacity of our planet by the ecological footprint of humanity and multiply the result by 365. In 2019, Earth Overshoot Day fell on 29 July, the global average.
ecosystem services		General	Climate change related risks	Natural goods that are available to humanity without energy investment. Four main types can be distinguished: food (food, water, raw materials), support (nutrient cycling, oxygen production, pollination), regulatory (carbon sequestration and climate control, decomposition processes, air and water purification) and cultural (literature, science, spirituality).
El Niño		General	Climate change related risks	A natural climatic phenomenon that is the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific.
emissions		General	Climate change related risks	The surface area and mass per unit time of an atmospheric aerosol. Among emission sources, we can distinguish a point source (e.g. a chimney), a line source (e.g. a road) or an area source (e.g. a forest fire).
energy dependence rate		General	Climate change related risks	The energy dependency ratio is the ratio of net energy imports to gross consumption and shows the extent to which a country depends on energy imports.
energy intensity		General	Climate change related risks	Energy intensity is the ratio of gross domestic energy consumption to gross domestic product and gives an indication of the energy efficiency of an economy: the lower the value, the less energy is used to produce a unit of GDP.
Equipotential temperature		General	Climate change related risks	The equipotential temperature is the temperature that would be obtained if the water vapour content of the air were precipitated out and the heat of condensation released was used entirely to increase the temperature (internal energy) of the air.
externality, external cost		General	Climate change related risks	An external economic impact that increases with emissions of pollutants and is associated with damage to the natural environment, deterioration of human health, and devaluation of land and assets. An external cost occurs when the production or use of a product or service imposes a cost on a third (external) party. When it occurs, the social cost will always be greater than the private cost.
F-gases (hydrofluorocarbons)	HFCs	General	Climate change related risks	Fluorinated greenhouse gases with a long (up to millennia) atmospheric residence time.
700 hPa		General	Climate change related risks	Pressure (main isobaric) level at an altitude of about 2800-3300 metres. Cloud cover and frontal precipitation are relatively well correlated with the humidity and saturation of the 700 hPa level in most cases.
850 hPa		General	Climate change related risks	Pressure (main isobaric) level at an altitude of about 1500 metres. This pressure level is often referred to in connection with weather fronts, air mass temperatures, daytime peak temperatures. Unlike the near-surface air layers, at this altitude the diurnal variation in temperature is negligible, so that the different air masses and fronts can be better identified.
Adaptation		General	Climate change related risks	Adaptation, in our case adaptation to climate change.
Adverse health effects caused by heatwave		General Safety and Security	Climate change related risks	Illnesses caused by high temperatures: skin rash, fatigue, cramp, sudden fainting, exhaustion, stroke.
Antarctic Oscillation	AAO	General	Climate change related risks	The variability of the atmospheric circulation system around Antarctica
Anticyclone		General	Climate change related risks	A high pressure atmospheric formation with a typical horizontal extent of 1000 km or more.
Atmospheric stability (instability, instability)		General	Climate change related risks	An atmospheric condition that restricts vertical air movements and air exchange is called stable, while the opposite is called unstable.
atmospheric stratification		General	Climate change related risks	Our Earth's atmosphere can be divided into layers according to several physical quantities, one of the most important of which for meteorology and climate research is the division according to the variation of temperature with altitude.
Available Convective Potential Energy	CAPE	General	Climate change related risks	One of the common measures of atmospheric instability (also known as instability), formed from the initials Convective Available Potential Energy. CAPE is used to estimate the total amount of work an air column above a given point can do on an upwardly moving air element, if the air element is subject to positive buoyancy.
Baroclinivity		General	Climate change related risks	The baroclinicity expresses the angle between surfaces in the atmosphere that fit points of the same temperature and points of the same pressure.
biogeographical region		General	Climate change related risks	A region defined by vegetation and climatic characteristics. The territory of Europe can be divided into biogeographical regions (Atlantic, Arctic, Boreal, Continental, Alpine, Pannonian, Mediterranean, Steppe, Black Sea, Macaronesian, Anatolian), each with its own specific vegetation, climate and geology. In the Pannonian biogeographical region covering our country, there are many species and habitat types to be protected, the so-called "Pannonian", which do not occur anywhere else.
Blocking		General	Climate change related risks	A stable atmospheric situation that blocks the west-easterly flow at mid-latitudes for a significant period of time, up to more than a week.
blue-green infrastructure		General	Climate change related risks	Urban planning and land use can use 'blue' (streams, canals, ponds, etc.) and 'green' (trees, parks, etc.) elements to create multifunctional, aesthetic and ecological surfaces that can better protect against the negative impacts of climate change in urban and other man-made environments.
Bow echo		General	Climate change related risks	A bow echo is a curving thunderstorm or chain of thunderstorms that can range in size from a few 10 km to hundreds of km.
carbon budget (remaining)		General	Climate change related risks	The estimated aggregate net global anthropogenic CO2 emissions from a given start date to the date when anthropogenic CO2 emissions reach net zero. This is likely to limit global warming to a given level, taking into account the effect of other anthropogenic emissions.
carbon intensity, carbon intensity		General	Climate change related risks	The amount of carbon dioxide emitted per unit of energy consumed or produced by a process. The most commonly used unit is the gram of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per kilowatt-hour (g CO2-eq/kWh). The carbon intensity of energy production based on fossil fuels, i.e. coal, oil and natural gas, is very high (1001, 840 and 469 g CO2-eq/kWh on average respectively) compared to hydro, wind and geothermal energy (4, 12 and 45 g CO2-eq/kWh on average respectively).
carbon neutrality / climate neutrality		General	Climate change related risks	A state where greenhouse gas emissions and removals are in balance and the total carbon footprint is effectively zero.
Climate adaptation		General	Climate change related risks	Adapting to climate change. In man-made systems, the to the current or expected climate and its and its impacts, the process of adapting to reduction of damage or beneficial opportunities to take advantage of opportunities. The natural systems to the current climate and and its impacts; where human intervention can help to achieve the expected to the expected climate.
Climate change		General	Climate change related risks	A change in the state of the climate, which, averaged over the properties of the climate and/or variability variability of the climate (e.g. statistical tests and over a longer period of time, typically decades or even longer or longer. Climate change can be natural internal processes or external forcing or the composition of the atmosphere or land-use patterns. changes of anthropogenic origin.
climate emergency		General	Climate change related risks	By declaring a climate emergency, governments and local authorities recognise the severity of man-made global climate change and the importance of addressing the climate crisis
Mobilisation		Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The mobilisation phase is the period immediately following the occurrence of a disaster. International disaster response teams prepare to respond and travel to assist the affected country.
Operation		Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The operations phase is the period when international disaster response teams are performing operations in the affected country. It starts with arrival of a team to the affected country, registration with the relevant coordination cells/authorities, reporting to the Local Emergency Management Agency (LEMA) (or National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)), and performing of operations. The phase ends when the team is instructed to cease operations.
Demobilisation		Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The demobilisation phase is the period when international disaster response teams have ceased operations, commence withdrawal, coordinating their departure through the relevant coordination cell and depart from the affected country through, and travel to their home country.
Post mission		Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The post-mission phase is the period immediately after an international disaster response teams has returned home. In this phase the team usually completes and submits a post-mission report and conduct a lessons-learnt review to improve the overall effectiveness and efficiency for response to future disasters. The post-mission phase continuously merges into the preparedness phase.
Plan of Action (PoA)		Operations	International disaster response	The Plan of Action establishes the foundation of the mission and gives direction for further planning. The PoA should be kept short, simple and to the point, i.e. in bullet points, avoiding too much detailed information that will change as the situation develops.
Situation overview		Operations	International disaster response	Should include a summary of known information on the disaster event, damage, national response, international response and projected developments in the emergency situation, including secondary risks and safety and security situation.
Mission Objectives		Operations	International disaster response	The mission objectives should indicate the main focus of the mission. It is very important that the mission objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound)
Team composition		Operations	International disaster response	Should include the organization/composition of the team based on the respective capacities.
In-country counterparts & Coordination		General Operations	International disaster response	Should include under whose authority the team will work, as well as other important counterparts and the coordination structure in place.
Mission execution plan		Operations	International disaster response	Should include a short description of the activities planned for the team in order to achieve the mission objectives and the relation between these activities and the timeframe for their execution. It is important to define activities directly related to the mission objectives and to keep these activities updated.
Logistics and resources		Logistics	International disaster response	Should include information on logistical arrangements in place for, or required by, the team such as accommodation and transport as well as resources available to the team such as telecommunications equipment and mission support kits, e.g., office kit and petty cash. Logistics and resources should also include financial resources available for relief activities.
Early warning		General	International disaster response	The timely and effective provision of information that allows action to be taken to avoid or reduce risks and the adverse impacts of a disaster, and to facilitate preparedness for an effective response;
Response capacity		Operations Management	International disaster response	Assisstance that may be provided under request
Response team		Operations Management	International disaster response	Organised group of experts of the assisting country, assigned for rendering assistance and having the necessary equipment;
Competent Authority		General Management	International disaster response	The national authority or authorities designated by the requesting country for the practical development and implementation of the collaboration including matters related to requests for assistance and decisions to render assisstance
International Disaster Relief Law	IDRL	General	International disaster response	International disaster relief law is an emerging area of international law designed specifically to improve the humanitarian response to natural disasters. It aims to contribute to a more effective oversight and regulation of the disaster response by local authorities while pushing towards more effective and accountable relief efforts.
Civil-Military Coordination	CMCoord	General Management	International disaster response	Ez egy olyan keretrendszer, amely elősegíti a humanitárius fellépések széleskörű megértését, és útmutatást ad a politikai és katonai szereplőknek a támogatás leghatékonyabb módszereiről. Segíti a nemzetközileg elfogadott irányelveken alapuló kontextus-specifikus útmutatás kialakítását, valamint humanitárius civil-katonai koordinációs struktúrákat hoz létre vészhelyzetekben.
Interoperability		General Operations Logistics	International disaster response	Az interoperabilitás kulcsfontosságú szempont a válság- és katasztrófakezelésben érintett valamennyi szereplő számára. A szervezetek együttműködése és összekapcsolódása.
Assessment		General Operations	International disaster response	Egy katasztrófa által okozott kár vagy veszteség előzetes értékelése. A kárfelmérés rögzíti a kár mértékét, azt, hogy mi pótolható, helyreállítható vagy menthető. Megbecsülheti a mentéshez és helyreállításhoz szükséges időt is. A kárfelmérés szerves része a kormányzati szervek és más szervezetek hatékony és eredményes reagálásának elősegítésének.
500 hPa		General	Climate change related risks	Pressure (main isobaric) level at an altitude of about 5300-5800 metres. In practice, the flow phenomena that determine the weather on a large scale (e.g. turtle, ridge, high-altitude cyclone) are mainly investigated at this pressure surface.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs	OCHA	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is a United Nations (UN) body established in December 1991 by the General Assembly to strengthen the international response to complex emergencies and natural disasters.
OCHA Coordination		Management	International disaster response	OCHA coordinates humanitarian response to expand the reach of humanitarian action, improve prioritization and reduce duplication, ensuring that assistance and protection reach the people who need it most.
OCHA Humanitarian Financing		Management	International disaster response	OCHA aims to mobilize and engage the full range of financing instruments, mechanisms and partners to ensure that growing humanitarian needs are met, humanitarian leadership and coordination mechanisms are promoted at the country level, and the large array of global humanitarian financing mechanisms are complementary among themselves and coherent with development funding.
OCHA Advocacy		Management	International disaster response	OCHA’s public and private advocacy raises awareness of forgotten crises, promotes respect for international humanitarian law (IHL), brings the voices of crisis-affected people to the forefront, and helps people obtain access to humanitarian assistance.
OCHA Policy		Management	International disaster response	Through leadership in developing humanitarian policy, OCHA helps set the agenda for humanitarian sector reform and effectiveness in response to a shifting global landscape, new global frameworks, and increased capacities of national Governments and local actors.
OCHA Information Management		Management	International disaster response	OCHA provides information management services to the humanacitarian community to inform a rapid, effective and principled response. It gathers, shares and uses data and information, underpinning coordination, decision-making and advocacy.
Hazard		Safety and Security Operations	International disaster response	A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Complex emergencies/conflicts: Disasters which result from several different hazards or a complex combination of both natural and man-made causes. For example: food insecurity, conflicts and displaced populations. Technological accidents: For example industrial accidents which usually involve the production of hazardous material.
International Committee of the Red Cross	ICRC	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The ICRC is an independent, neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and other situations of violence. It takes action in response to emergencies and at the same time promotes respect for international humanitarian law and its implementation in national law.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies	IFRC	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is the world's largest humanitarian organization, providing assistance without discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. The IFRC carries out relief operations to assist victims of disasters, and combines this with development work to strengthen the capacities of its member National Societies. The IFRC's work focuses on four core areas: promoting humanitarian values, disaster response, disaster preparedness, and health and community care.
Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies		General Management Operations	International disaster response	The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is made up from 192 individual National Societies dedicated to the Fundamental Principles of Humanity, Neutrality, Impartiality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality. The National Societies work with other local actors to ensure essential services to people in need and responding to humanitarian disasters and crises.
7 Fundamental Principles of Red Cross Movement		General Management	International disaster response	Humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality: these seven Fundamental Principles sum up the Movement's ethics and are at the core of its approach to helping people in need during armed conflict, natural disasters and other emergencies.
On-site Operations Coordination Centre	OSOCC	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The On-Site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC) concept was developed as a rapid response tool that works in close cooperation with the affected government to provide a system for coordinating and facilitating the activities of international relief efforts at the site of a disaster. The OSOCC concept is primarily used in sudden-onset disasters, and particularly Level 3 emergencies. However, it is applicable in other contexts including complex emergencies and L1-L2 emergencies where a mechanism for operational coordination does not exist or requires enhancement.
United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination Team	UNDAC	General Operations Management	International disaster response	The focus of UN OCHA, in collaboration with the affected country, is on coordinating large-scale international assistance activities and flows of funds that get going after a disaster. UN OCHA has a coordination structure and a number of specific systems such as the UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) system.
disaster management cycle		General Management Operations	International disaster response	Similar to the Disaster management phases, the international disaster response mission phases follow a cycle and related to the disaster event which occurs at a certain point due to different circumstances. Usually there are 5 phases of the response or mission cycle: Preparedness - Mobilisation - Operation - Demobilisation - Post mission
International response coordination		General Management Operations Operations	International disaster response	In all disasters requiring international assistance, a range of organizations or entities will provide relief. These range from national and local authorities to international and national response organizations.
Field Assessment and Coordination Team	FACT	General Operations Management	International disaster response	FACT-Teams can be deployed within 24 hours and comprise highly trained and experienced disaster managers. They report to headquarters in a very detailed way, how the situation is and what kind of support the national organisation needs.
Standard Operating Procedures	SOP	General Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The SOPs should contain all predictable procedures during the whole deployment cycle of the module, but should also introduce the user into the general and technical context of the respective team.
Emergency Response Unit	ERU	General Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	UN WHO classified Emergency Medical Teams: Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) are an important part of the global health workforce and have a specific role. Any doctor, nurse or paramedic team coming from another country to practice healthcare in an emergency needs to come as a member of a team. That team must have quality, training and equipment/supplies so it can respond with success rather impose a burden on the national system. EMTs must strive for self-sufficiency, a quality of care that is appropriate for the context, with credentials that meet a minimum acceptable standard.
International Search & Rescue Advisory Group	INSARAG	Operations Logistics Safety and Security	International disaster response	The International Search & Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) is the network which works towards continually strengthening and developing USAR response internationally and at the national level. INSARAG has developed a methodology for USAR operations enshrined in the INSARAG Guidelines, to ensure standardized training, procedures and structures for international USAR teams. INSARAG-classified international USAR teams are response assets from the international community that carry out rescue activities in collapsed structure disasters. USAR teams prepare for international deployment by maintaining a high state of readiness for rapid international deployment. INSARAG has identified three levels of classification for USAR teams: Light, Medium and Heavy. Classified teams are self-sustaining and able to operate independently following common, agreed methodology. During operations, teams work in accordance with the INSARAG Guidelines and align their response with the priority needs of the affected country.
Preparedness		General Operations	International disaster response	The preparedness phase is the period between disaster responses. This phase focuses in undertaking preparatory measures to ensure the highest level of readiness for deployment. It includes conducting training and exercises, review lessons-learnt from previous experiences, update Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as required, and plan future responses. Preparedness measures and/or checklist are part of this phase, which includes personal and professional arrangements.
Host Nation Support	HNS	General Logistics Management Operations	International disaster response	Host Nation Support (HNS) focuses at the disaster-affected countries in order to remove as much as possible any foreseeable obstacle to international assistance so as to ensure that disaster response operations proceed smoothly in the most effective and efficient manner.
Logistics and resources		Logistics Operations	International disaster response	Should include information on logistical arrangements in place for, or required by, the team such as accommodation and transport as well as resources available to the team such as telecommunications equipment and mission support kits, e.g., office kit and petty cash. Logistics and resources should also include financial resources available for relief activities.
Host Nation		General Logistics Management Operations	International disaster response	Host Nation is the country which receives international intervention teams, modules or other response capacities deployed by other countries or other nations to cope with consequences of a disaster; receives in-kind assistance and/or other equipment/material to cope with consequences of a disaster.
Sending Nation		General Logistics Management Operations	International disaster response	Sending Nation is the country providing/sending its modules/teams and/or other capacities, including in-kind assistance.
Transit Nation		General Logistics Management Operations	International disaster response	Transit Nation is a country through which territory a sending nation transports its assistance.
Plan of Action (PoA)		General Logistics Management Operations Safety and Security	International disaster response	The Plan of Action establishes the foundation of the mission and gives direction for further planning. The PoA should be kept short, simple and to the point, i.e. in bullet points, avoiding too much detailed information that will change as the situation develops.
Mission Objectives		General Magament Operations	International disaster response	The mission objectives should indicate the main focus of the mission. It is very important that the mission objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound)
Local Emergency Management Authority	LEMA	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The Local Emergency Management Agency is responsible for the coordination of disaster response activities. It can be a different agency or organization in each country.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Host Nation Support	NATO HNS	General Management Operations	International disaster response	civil and military assistance rendered by HN to allied forces located/operating/transiting its territory
European Union Host Nation Support Guidelines	EU HNSG	General Management Operations	International disaster response	These EU Host Nation Support Guidelines (EU HNSG) aim at assisting the affected Participating States to receive international assistance in the most effective and efficient manner
EU Civil Protection Mechanism	UCPM	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The Mechanism aims to strengthen cooperation between the EU countries and 6 Participating States on civil protection to improve prevention, preparedness, and response to disasters.
Emergency Response Coordination Centre	ERCC	General Management Operations	International disaster response	The Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) is the heart of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. It coordinates the delivery of assistance to disaster-stricken countries, such as relief items, expertise, civil protection teams and specialised equipment. The centre ensures the rapid deployment of emergency support and acts as a coordination hub between all EU Member States, the 6 additional Participating States, the affected country, and civil protection and humanitarian experts. The ERCC operates 24/7 and can help any country inside or outside the EU affected by a major disaster upon request from the national authorities or a UN body.
Disaster		General Management Operations	International disaster response	A disaster is a serious disruption occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
Prevention		General Management Operations	International disaster response	Activities and measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks.
Mitigation		General Management Operations	International disaster response	The lessening or minimizing of the adverse impacts of a hazardous event.
Preparedness		General Management Operations	International disaster response	The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters.
Response		General Management Operations	International disaster response	Actions taken directly before, during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
Recovery		General Management Operations	International disaster response	The restoring or improving of livelihoods and health, as well as economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities, of a disaster-affected community or society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better”, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk.
Disaster Risk Reduction		General Management Operations	International disaster response	Reducing exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse events are all examples of disaster risk reduction.
EU polgári védelmi csapat	EUCPT	EU Civil Protection Team	International disaster response	In the EU, the European Commission, through the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) and its EU Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), plays a key role in coordinating the response to disasters in Europe and beyond. The EU Civil Protection Team (EUCP Team) is being deployed in case the Mechanism is activated.
EU Civil Protection Team	EUCPT		International disaster response	In the EU, the European Commission, through the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) and its EU Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), plays a key role in coordinating the response to disasters in Europe and beyond. The EU Civil Protection Team (EUCP Team) is being deployed in case the Mechanism is activated.

Social Media